19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16.3 阅读理解（说明文）（第02期）（解析版）

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1、2019年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【2019 江西省中考】Everyone faces challenges in their life, but some are more important than others. Daniel Kish had serious problems with his eyes when he was born. And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old. Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing

2、thing. He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue（舌头） to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar. In this intervie

3、w with National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works.How does sonar work?When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. These waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像). Its like having a conversation with the e

4、nvironmentWhen you click, what do you see in your mind?Each click is like a camera flash. I make a 3D image of the things around me for hundreds of feet in every direction.What is it like riding a bike using sonar?Its exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of focus. I click up to two times per se

5、cond, much more than I usually do.Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way?Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine. I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone(骨头) as a kid.How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?Many s

6、tudents are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isnt in the eyes, it s in the mind.1. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. Kish explains how sonar works.B. Kish teaches people how to use sonar.C. Kish started to move around using sonar.D. Kish is good at riding a bicycle in traffic.2. How do

7、es sonar work? Choose the right order. a. The sound waves reflect off surfaces. b. The person makes a clicking sound. c. The brain makes images with the sounds. d. The sound waves reach the persons ears.A. b-a-c-dB. b-d-a-cC. a-b-d-cD. b-a-d-c3. What can we know about Kish from the passage?A. He alw

8、ays challenges himself bravely.B. He lives in fear of things that he imagines.C. He became blind when he was 14 years old.D. He broke his bone when climbing as a child.4. What would be the best title for the passage?A. How Sonar Works.B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar.C. Seeing with the Mind.D. How the B

9、lind Move Around.【文章大意】文章介绍了Daniel Kish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。1. C【解析】段落大意题。根据He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue舌头) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using

10、sonar(声呐). 不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。2. D【解析】顺序排列题。根据I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. hese waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像).可知声呐工作的顺序是发出咔嗒声，声音从表面反射回来，到达人的耳朵，大脑把声音制成图像；故选

11、D。3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone (骨头) as a kid.他没有生活在想象的恐惧中，也没伤到骨头，根据And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old.可知是14个月，不是14岁；根据文章内容，可知他总是勇敢地挑战

12、自己；故选A。4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章介绍了Daniel Kish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。可知这段的最好题目是用大脑看；故选C。【点睛】短文阅读，做题时要结合文章的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解

13、的关键。例如：小题1 段落大意题。根据He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue舌头) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). 不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。（二）【2019 天津市中考】There are many ways to help improve your health like eating health

14、y food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of(不管)age, some people need to sleep more while

15、 for some a few hours is enough.The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents.

16、In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure(血压).Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on

17、 work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as lazy. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they dont have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work youll do.How do we teach these peopl

18、e to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert(专家) in sleep. He says , Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less. you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you dont sleep, the more hours you should t sle

19、ep to pay back the hours on your sleepcredit card.For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. Dont think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. Yo

20、u will be able to do more.5. According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to .A. eat healthy food every dayB. take excrcisc as much as possibleC. get medical help whenever necessaryD. sleep eight hours or more every night6. What does slecep-deprived mean in Paragraph 2?

21、A. Having a good sleep.B. Excited about sleep.C. Having less sleep.D. Interested in sleep.7. According to Dr. James Maas, what is sleep like?A. An hour.B. A report.C. A credit card.D. A piece of paper.8. What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragragh 5?A. Sleeping during the night is fooli

22、sh.B. Sleeping during the night is helpful.C. People have no courage.D. People always do less work.9. What is the best title of the passage?A. The Value of SleepB. The Value of StudyC. The Ways of Eating LessD. The Ways of Making Money【文章大意】本文介绍了睡眠的价值。文章介绍了有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或

23、更长时间。世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不仅使人感到疲劳，而且还会造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？睡眠专家告诉我们：睡眠就像信用卡。当你睡眠不足时。你只是在借用时间。你总是要还钱。你不睡觉的时间越多，偿还你睡眠信用卡上的时间就越多。一位名人曾经说过：不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。5. D【解析】细节理解题。根据But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more

24、 every night. 可知，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。故选D。6. C【解析】词意猜测题。A. Having a good sleep. 睡得好；B. Excited about sleep. 对睡眠感到兴奋。C. Having less sleep. 睡眠不足；D. Interested in sleep. 对睡眠感兴趣。句子According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. 根据世界卫生组织的数据，世

25、界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故选C。7. C【解析】细节理解题。A. An hour.一个小时；B. A report.一份报告；C. A credit card.一张信用卡；D. A piece of paper.一张纸。根据Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card.可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故选C。8. B【解析】细节理解题。句子Dont think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚

26、蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more. 不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。这句话充分说明了晚上睡觉是有帮助的。故选B。9. A【解析】推理判断题。A. The Value of Sleep睡眠的价值；B. The Value of Study学习的价值；C. The Ways of Eating Less少吃的方法；D. The Ways of Making Money赚钱的方式。根据There are ma

27、ny ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. 有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。进行锻炼并获得医疗帮助。但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。和句子How do we teach the

28、se people to learn the value of sleep? 我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠的价值。因此最好的题目是The Value of Sleep. 故选A。【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词

29、进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第2小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。（三）【2019 江苏省苏州市】Every day there is less and less space on Earth for rubbish. Yet every day we make more and more rubb

30、ish. What can we do? We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.Recycling helps Earth. And it saves space in rubbish dumps. Half of everything that we put into landfills could be recycled instead. In fact, most things made

31、of paper, metal, glass and plastic can be recycled.Paper can be broken into small pieces and made into new paper. Steel and aluminum cans（金属雄）can be melted down（熔化）and made into new cans. The same is true of glass bottles. This can be done over and over again. Recycling doesnt take as much energy as

32、 making these things the first time. So we can use less of Earths fuel resources.Plastic can be melted down, too. Then it can be formed into park benches, playgrounds and so on. Some people call plastic the wood of the future. Things made of plastic will last about 400 years-even if they stay outsid

33、e in the weather. No wood can do that!10. The underlined word landfills in Paragraph 2 probably means _.A. bench factoriesB. places for rubbishC. green mountainsD. recycling centres11. According to the passage, what happens last to the can?A. The can is put into a recycling bin.B. The can is melted

34、down and reused.C. A steel can gets filled with corn.D. A person uses the corn in the can.12. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Cans should be melted down.B. Old newspapers can be reused.C. We can build benches that last 400 years.D. We should recycle everything that we can.【文章大意】本文关注的是地球污染问题，

35、呼吁人们对垃圾进行回收再利用，保护地球。10. B【解析】题意：第2段下划线的单词landfills意思可能是_。考查词义理解。put into投入/倾倒；根据上文And it saves space in rubbish dumps.和下文could be recycled instead.可知landfills是填埋垃圾的地方，places for rubbish符合句意，故选B。11. B【解析】题意：根据这篇文章，罐子最后发生了什么?考查细节推断。根据Steel and aluminum cans can be melted down and made into new cans.可知

36、可以熔化制成新罐，故选B。12. D【解析】题意：这篇文章的主旨是什么?考查主旨理解。A. 罐头应该熔化。B. 旧报纸可以重复使用。C.我们可以建造使用400年的长椅。D. 我们应该回收我们能回收的一切。根据开头We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.可知短文介绍的是垃圾的回收再利用，故选D。（四）【2019 浙江省宁波市】Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of info

37、rmation that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies a

38、nd governments. One set of data can have peoples names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computerBig data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This info

39、rmation is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understan

40、d who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that bab

41、y so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs use

42、d to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause

43、 problems for certain groups of people.13. This reading is about _.A. what big data is and how it is usedB. what schools and hospitals people likeC. where important data is collected and storedD. how big data is controlled by governments and companies14. One company uses weather information to _.A.

44、help children in needB. know when people will visit the hospitalC. find out who tides the bus or trainD. understand when people will need ice cream15. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _.A. big data can be used for good reasonsB. we can use big data in a number of waysC. big data can be used for both

45、good and bad reasonsD. we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick16. The overall tone(总基调) of this reading is _.A. sad and personalB. personal and scientificC. informative but sillyD. scientific and informative【文章大意】你了解大数据吗？大数据就是将很多信息放在一起，可以供计算机程序使用。短文中列举了很多使用大数据的方式，既有好的一些方面，也有不好的。13. A

46、【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段的开头Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program.和第二段的开头Big data can be used in many ways可知，这篇短文给我们讲述了什么是大数据以及大数据的使用，故A选项最符合文意，选A。14. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后一句话For example, one company uses weather data to see when people e

47、at the most ice cream.可知，某公司使用天气数据来查看人们什么时候吃的冰淇淋最多。由此可知应选D。15. C【解析】细节理解题。根据这一段的开头Big data can be used for good reasons.以及第四句话Big data can also be used for bad reasons.可知，这一段中介绍了大数据用于好的一面以及不好的一面，并各自举例说明。故C选项符合文意。16. D【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文给我们介绍了什么是大数据以及大数据的使用方式，整篇文章科学、客观，并使用了许多例子进行解释，使读者更容易理解。因此整篇文章的基调是科学而又

48、具有教育性的，故应选D。（五）【2019 四川省乐山市】When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws(吸管) do Americans use every day?He quickly learned there wasnt a simple answer. The boy tried to work it out himself. Through lots of research, Cress found out that Americans use about 500 million straws every day. In hopes of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011.Cress started the project in his hometown Burlingto